BCSSE Overview

BCSSE 2022 Overview

Two students outdoors reading a book together at Armstrong State University. — Armstrong State University

The Beginning College Survey of Student Engagement (BCSSE, pronounced “bessie”), a companion survey to the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE), was launched in 2007. Since then, nearly 1.2 million new first-year, transfer, and older students at 582 institutions across the United States and Canada, have participated.

BCSSE collects data from entering first-year, transfer, and older students. For entering first-year students, BCSSE collects data about their high school academic and co-curricular experiences, as well as their expectations for participating in educationally purposeful activities during their first college year. For transfer and older students, BCSSE collects information about prior educational experiences, important entering characteristics, as well as their expectations for participating in educationally purposeful activities during the upcoming college year.

BCSSE administration usually takes place prior to the start of fall classes and is designed to be paired with a NSSE administration in the spring to provide an in-depth understanding of first-year student engagement. There is also an optional winter administration for students entering after the December break. Faculty, advisors, administrators, researchers, and others can use BCSSE data independently or in combination with NSSE data for program development, institutional assessment and improvement, and related purposes.

In fall 2022, 102 U.S. institutions and 3 from Canada participated in BCSSE. Of those, 56 (53%) also administered NSSE in spring 2023, allowing comparisons of incoming students’ prior experiences and expectations with their actual experiences during the first year.

Survey Administration and Respondents

BCSSE is administered locally by campus officials who facilitate the online administration or distribute the paper survey. In 2022, 94 institutions (90%) used the online survey and 9 (9%) used the paper survey, while 2 (1%) used both online and paper. Approximately 61,000 entering first-year, 6,000 transfer, and nearly 1,000 older students completed BCSSE in the summer or early fall. The winter administration included 531 entering first-year students, 208 transfer students, and 41 older students.

Many different types of U.S. institutions participated in BCSSE. Among them, 42% were classified as master’s colleges and universities, 34% as baccalaureate colleges, and 23% as doctorate-granting universities. BCSSE institutions generally reflect the diversity of U.S. bachelor’s-granting institutions with respect to Carnegie Classification, public or private control, and undergraduate enrollment (Table 1).

BCSSE U.S. Respondents

BCSSE is locally administered, so sampling schemes and data collection methods vary across participating institutions. Most institutions sample their entire incoming first-year population and collect data from 50% to nearly 100% of their students. BCSSE 2022 respondents are profiled in Table 2.

Most BCSSE respondents graduated from a public high school, with approximately two-thirds reporting grades of A− or higher in high school (Table 3). In addition, about 36% of respondents attended an institution with two or more friends. Nearly two-thirds of all respondents were attending their first-choice institution.

Table 1 Profile of BCSSE 2022 U.S. Institutions and All Bachelor’s-Granting U.S. Institutions
Institution Characteristics	BCSSE 2022 (%)	U.S.(%)
Carnegie Basic Classification
Doctoral Universities (Very high research activity)	6	9
Doctoral Universities (High research activity)	9	8
Doctoral/Professional Universities	8	11
Master's Colleges and Universities (Larger programs)	20	20
Master's Colleges and Universities (Medium programs)	12	11
Master's Colleges and Universities (Smaller programs)	10	9
Baccalaureate Colleges—Arts & Sciences Focus	21	13
Baccalaureate Colleges—Diverse Fields	13	19
Control
Public	41	34
Private	59	66
Undergraduate Enrollment
Fewer than 1,000	15	25
1,000–2,499	37	31
2,500–4,999	11	17
5,000–9,999	20	14
10,000–19,999	11	8
20,000 or more	7	6
Notes: Percentages are unweighted and based on U.S. postsecondary institutions that award baccalaureate degrees and belong to one of the eight Carnegie classifications in the table. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding. U.S. percentages are based on the 2021 IPEDS Institutional Characteristics data. For information on the Basic Carnegie Classification, see carnegieclassifications.acenet.edu.

Table 2 Profile of BCSSE 2022 Respondents: Demographic Characteristics
	Percentage of Respondents
Gender Identity
Man	41
Woman	56
Another gender identity	2
I prefer not to respond	1
Race/Ethnicity
American Indian or Alaska native	<1
Asian	9
Black or African American	11
Hispanic or Latino	13
Middle Eastern or North African	1
Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander	<1
White	53
Multiracial	11
Other	<1
International Student	5
HighSchool Graduation Year
2020	1
2021	4
2022	95
First-Generation Student(No parent holds a bachelor’s degree)	43
Financial Aid Recipient(Received any scholarship, grant, or student loan)	84
Notes: Includes respondents from U.S. and Canadian institutions. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.

Table 3 Profile of BCSSE 2022 Respondents: Other Characteristics
	Percentage of Respondents
High School Type
Public	82
Private, religiously affiliated	10
Private, not religiously affiliated	6
Home school	1
Other	1
High School Grades (Typical)
A/A+	51
A-	15
B+	16
B	12
B-	3
C+ or lower	3
Number of friends attending same institution
None	45
1	19
2	15
3 or more	21
Choice of institution
First	64
Second	25
Third or lower	10
Notes: Includes respondents from U.S. and Canadian institutions. Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding.

Wondering how to use your BCSSE data?

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BCSSE Overview

BCSSE 2022 Overview

Survey Administration and Respondents

BCSSE U.S. Respondents

Table 1: Profile of BCSSE 2022 U.S. Institutions and Respondents, and Bachelor’s-Granting U.S. Institutions and Their Students

Table 1

Profile of BCSSE 2022 U.S. Institutions and All Bachelor’s-Granting U.S. Institutions

Table 2: Profile of BCSSE 2022 First-Year Respondents: Demographic Characteristics

Table 2

Profile of BCSSE 2022 Respondents: Demographic Characteristics

Table 3: Profile of BCSSE 2022 First-Year Respondents: Other Characteristics

Table 3

Profile of BCSSE 2022 Respondents: Other Characteristics

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