Table 4 displays the percentage of all U.S. respondents who participated in each HIP by selected student and institution characteristics. In general, results show the following:
• Seniors at Baccalaureate Arts and Sciences colleges experienced HIPs at considerably higher rates.
• HIP participation showed little variation by sex but did vary somewhat by race/ethnicity, with some students of color less likely to have done research with faculty, study abroad, or an internship or field experience.
• HIP participation was much more common among traditional-age students and those enrolled full time, and somewhat less common among first-generation and transfer students.
• HIP participation varied by major-field category. For example, seniors in the biological sciences (including related fields such as agriculture and natural resources) and physical sciences (including math and computer science) were more likely to participate in research with faculty, while those in education and social service professions were more likely to participate in service-learning.